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Urani Rumbo (1895-1936) was an Albanian feminist, teacher and playwright. She founded various associations promoting Albanian women's rights, the most important of which was the ''Lidhja e Gruas'' (English: Woman's Union), one of the first prominent feminist organizations of Albania. == Biography == Urani Rumbo was born in December 1895 in Stegopul, a village near Gjirokastër in southern Albania. Her father, Spiro Rumbo, was a teacher in the nearby villages and her mother, Athanaji, was a housewife. She had three brothers, Kornil, Thanas and Dhimitër Rumbo, and a sister Emily as well a teacher at the elementary school.〔 She received elementary education and completed six grades at the school of Filiates, where her father worked as a teacher. At the same time she became familiar with the works of notable Albanian folklorists and writers.〔 She knew how to write in Albanian and Greek fluently and from the age of fifteen she began teaching Albanian literature. From 1910 Rumbo attended a high school in Ioannina, but her education was interrupted by the Balkan wars.〔 During the war she taught herself Italian and French. From 1916 to 1917 she worked in Dhoksat, a town in southern Albania, as a teacher of Albanian literature, where she promoted the use of the Albanian language. From 1917 to 1918 she taught in Mingul and Nokovë, while in 1919 she taught in the De Rada school of Gjirokastër.〔 In 1919 she began an initiative against female illiteracy and a tradition of restricting women to specific parts of the household. In 1920 she opened the Koto Hoxhi school, named after Koto Hoxhi, one of the Rilindas of Albania.〔 The Koto Hoxhi school, was a five-year primary school for girls, from all parts of Gjirokastër and of all religions. A few years later she became the director of the school.〔 In the period of the democratic movement in Albania from 1921 to 1924, Rumbo published in local newspapers ''Demokratia'' and ''Drita'' articles on problems faced by Albanian women, especially the issue of education.〔 At the same period she developed training courses for women in tailoring, embroidering, agriculture, music and gardening.〔 She also wrote and directed theater plays and organized school theater performances to encourage girls to participate in public life. On November 23, 1920, with Hashibe Harshova, Naxhije Hoxha, and Xhemile Balili she founded in Gjirokastër ''Lidhja e Gruas'', one of the most important feminist organizations of Albania promoting women's emanincipation.〔 They published a declaration in the newspaper ''Drita'', protesting social conditions and discrimination against women.〔 In 1923 Urani Rumbo began a campaign along with other women for the right of girls to attend the lyceum of Gjirokastër as boys did.〔 On July 25, 1924, Rumbo founded the feminist organization ''Përmirësimi'' "Improvement". Përmirësimi organized educational courses for women of different social stati. On July 4, 1930, she was accused by the authorities of encouraging girl students of the Koto Hoxhi school to perform in theater plays.〔 She responded with an article in the newspaper Demokratia denouncing the accusations as absurd. Although she was supported by public opinion across Albania, the ministry of education transferred her to Vlorë, where she worked until her death on March 26, 1936.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Urani Rumbo」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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